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中国物理学会期刊

基于磁液变形镜的液体望远镜离轴像差校正系统研究

Off-axis aberration correction system for liquid mirror telescope based on magnetic fluid deformable mirror

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  • 液体望远镜具有低成本、易于制造等优点,为传统固体望远镜提供了一种经济有效的替代方案,但是液体望远镜离轴观测时会产生较大的离轴像差,本文为了校正液体望远镜的离轴像差从而扩大液体望远镜的观测区域,设计了一种基于磁液变形镜的像差校正系统。首先根据离轴像差特点设计了凸面反射镜进行像差初步校正,然后根据残余像差设计磁液变形镜,并结合磁液变形镜镜面模型,设计了一种基于Youla参数化的镜面自适应控制器用于实时校正静态残余像差和动态时变像差,最后搭建液体望远镜实验平台验证像差校正系统的有效性,实验结果表明,该磁液变形镜可实现超100μm的大行程变形能力,并将像差波前RMS误差从53.9μm降低至0.18μm。结果表明,基于磁液变形镜的像差校正系统具有很好的超大离轴像差校正能力。

    The liquid mirror telescope (LMT) features low cost, high surface optical quality, and ease of fabrication, providing an economical and efficient alternative to conventional solid-mirror telescopes. However, due to its structural characteristics, the observation direction of an LMT is typically restricted to the zenith. Although off-axis observations can partially extend the observable sky region, they inevitably introduce significant static off-axis aberrations. In addition, various disturbances, such as structure vibration and airflow turbulence, may cause mirror surface fluctuation, which leads to dynamic aberrations. To correct these aberrations and thereby expand the observable sky region of the LMT, this paper proposes an aberration correction system based on a magnetic fluid deformable mirror (MFDM). Compared with traditional wavefront correctors, MFDM can provide both super-large stroke and inter-actuator stroke. In the paper, a convex mirror is first deployed to achieve preliminary compensation of large low-order static off-axis aberrations. Subsequently, an MFDM is designed with respect to the residual aberrations, and an Youla parameterized adaptive control algorithm is developed to realize real-time correction of both static residual and dynamic time-varying aberrations. Finally, an experimental LMT platform is constructed to evaluate the proposed aberration correction system. The experimental results show that the MFDM can achieve a large deformation stroke of over 100μm and reduce the wavefront RMS error of aberration from 53.9μm to 0.18μm. The results demonstrate that the MFDM-combined aberration correction approach provides excellent capability for compensating the extremely large off-axis aberrations, and thus offers an effective solution for expanding the observable sky region of LMTs.

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