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钯(Pd)合金较低的摩擦系数和较好的力学性能使得其在用于长时间稳定工作的高精度仪器仪表中具备潜在优势, 但是因为高昂的原料和实验成本导致基础数据缺乏, 无法进行高性能Pd合金的设计. 因此, 本研究利用第一性原理计算了Pd的晶格常数和弹性模量, 并建立Pd与Al, Si, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni等33种合金元素形成的稀固溶体模型, 计算了混合焓、弹性常数和弹性模量. 研究结果表明, 除Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Rh, Os和Ir外, 其他合金元素都可以固溶到Pd中, 元素周期表两侧的合金元素能提高Pd固溶体的延展性, 其中La, Ag和Zn的作用最明显. 通过差分电荷密度分析, Ag掺杂后形成的电子云呈球形分布, 造成延展性提高, Hf掺杂后周围的离域程度最大, 表明Hf与Pd的键合存在较强的离子性, 导致Pd31Hf硬度较高. 本文数据集可在
https://www.doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.j00213.00186 中访问获取.The lower friction coefficient and superior mechanical properties of palladium (Pd) alloys make them potentially advantageous for use in high-precision instruments and devices that require long-term stable performance. However, the high cost of raw materials and experimental expenses result in a lack of fundamental data, which hinders the design of high-performance Pd alloys. Therefore, in this study, first-principles calculations are used to determine the lattice constant and elastic modulus of Pd. A model of dilute solid solutions formed by Pd with 33 alloying elements including Al, Si, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and others, is established. The mixing enthalpy, elastic constant, and elastic modulus are calculated. The results show that, all other alloying elements except for Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Rh, Os, and Ir can form solid solutions with Pd. Alloying elements from both sides of the periodic table enhance the ductility of Pd solid solutions, with La, Ag, and Zn having the most significant effects, while Cu and Hf reduce the ductility of Pd. Differential charge density analysis indicates that the electron cloud formed after doping with Ag is spherically distributed, thereby improving ductility. After doping with Hf, the degree of delocalization around the atoms is maximized, indicating a strong ionic bond between Hf and Pd, which results in a higher hardness of Pd31Hf. The datasets presented in this paper are openly available athttps://www.doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.j00213.00186 .-
Keywords:
- first-principles /
- Pd-base alloy /
- mixing enthalpy /
- elastic modulus
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$ {\text{P}}{{\text{d}}_{31}}X $ Atom relaxing strategy Full relaxing strategy Solid solubility V/(Å3·unit cell–1) ΔH/(J·mol–1) 0L V/(Å3·unit cell–1) ΔH/(J·mol–1) 0L Al 487.87 –8564.71 –282911.59 486.32 –8681.80 –286779.56 5% Si 487.87 –7619.23 –251680.33 484.34 –7644.04 –252499.95 6.00% Sc 487.87 –11153.07 –368411.25 491.01 –11418.30 –377172.35 10% Ti 487.87 –10113.64 –334076.21 487.22 –10255.70 –338768.78 6% V 487.87 –6175.68 –203996.75 485.01 –6249.44 –206433.24 10% Cr 487.87 –1968.7 –65030.61 485.57 –1897.47 –62677.72 12% Mn 487.87 1093.49 36120.32 483.34 962.92 31807.49 15% Fe 487.87 2205.78 72862.04 483.35 2006.79 66288.66 10% Co 487.87 1678.78 55453.81 483.60 1427.42 47151.00 3% Ni 487.87 524.51 17325.86 484.15 270.46 8933.84 完全互溶 Cu 487.87 –766.65 –25324.15 485.30 –997.37 –32945.41 20% Zn 487.87 –4513.42 –149088.54 486.68 –4589.15 –151590.11 7% Ga 487.87 –6361.88 –210147.41 487.05 –6472.09 –213787.63 Y 487.87 –10057.30 –332215.41 496.61 –10411.01 –343899.13 8% Zr 487.87 –11826.39 –390652.51 492.53 –12047.20 –397946.22 8% Nb 487.87 –9494.62 –313628.61 489.21 –9616.53 –317655.76 15% Mo 487.87 –5023.61 –165941.15 487.39 –5089.07 –168103.51 23% Tc 487.87 –973.48 –32156.31 486.18 –1072.43 –35424.78 25%—86% Ru 487.87 1059.92 35011.71 486.21 995.81 32893.73 4% Rh 487.87 814.70 26911.42 486.61 531.91 17570.24 8% Ag 487.87 –18.04 –595.92 490.16 –128.24 –4236.11 完全互溶 Cd 487.87 –3068.11 –101346.48 492.11 –3208.36 –105979.25 La 487.87 –8248.78 –272475.91 501.57 –8649.21 –285703.03 Ce 487.87 –11290.17 –372939.69 497.96 –11613.00 –383603.62 17% Hf 487.87 –12565.04 –415051.67 491.86 –12765.53 –421674.24 12% Ta 487.87 –10076.76 –332858.26 489.28 –10186.26 –336475.27 4% W 487.87 –5839.20 –192881.85 487.40 –5887.76 –194485.85 28% Re 487.87 –1398.74 –46203.54 487.82 –1356.74 –44816.19 18% Os 487.87 1196.45 39521.60 486.10 1091.13 36042.65 9% Ir 487.87 1114.98 36830.25 486.88 910.96 30091.00 3% Pt 487.87 –229.64 –7585.51 488.04 –509.93 –16844.30 完全互溶 Au 487.87 –458.08 –15131.47 490.65 –733.56 –24231.25 完全互溶 Th 487.87 –12313.59 –406745.80 501.50 –12676.97 –418748.79 
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$ {\text{P}}{{\text{d}}_{31}}X $ C11 C12 C44 G B E B/G υ $ {\text{P}}{{\text{d}}_{31}}X $ C11 C12 C44 G B E B/G υ Al 207 151 65 47 170 128 3.643 0.374 Tc 215 158 75 51 177 140 3.463 0.368 Si 197 160 61 38 172 106 4.548 0.398 Ru 213 155 69 49 174 134 3.550 0.371 Sc 208 147 68 49 167 135 3.383 0.365 Rh 213 153 64 47 173 130 3.674 0.375 Ti 212 151 71 51 171 138 3.381 0.365 Ag 200 151 64 43 168 120 3.859 0.381 V 212 153 73 50 173 138 3.432 0.367 Cd 199 150 64 44 167 120 3.820 0.380 Cr 211 153 74 51 172 139 3.375 0.365 La 193 143 61 42 160 116 3.784 0.379 Mn 213 155 70 49 174 135 3.544 0.371 Ce 199 147 64 44 165 122 3.720 0.377 Fe 212 154 66 47 173 130 3.655 0.375 Hf 210 150 70 50 170 137 3.405 0.366 Co 212 152 64 47 172 129 3.659 0.375 Ta 213 154 74 51 174 140 3.403 0.366 Ni 211 151 63 47 171 129 3.654 0.375 W 212 156 77 51 175 140 3.409 0.366 Cu 207 151 66 47 169 129 3.611 0.373 Re 213 155 75 50 174 140 3.402 0.366 Zn 203 152 64 44 169 122 3.814 0.379 Os 214 157 74 51 176 138 3.486 0.369 Ga 205 152 63 45 169 123 3.791 0.379 Ir 213 156 67 48 175 131 3.684 0.376 Y 202 145 66 47 164 129 3.471 0.369 Pt 214 153 63 47 174 129 3.689 0.376 Zr 210 150 70 50 170 136 3.418 0.367 Au 207 151 65 46 170 127 3.666 0.375 Nb 211 153 74 51 172 139 3.375 0.365 Th 198 148 64 44 165 121 3.742 0.377 Mo 212 155 76 51 174 140 3.393 0.366
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