WANG Zhen; LIU Jinyao; ZHANG Jinshuo; JIANG Nan; YAN Huijie; SONG Jian

doi:10.7498/aps.74.20250733

Abstract

The magnetized coaxial gun is an efficient plasma injection device with significant applications in fusion fueling, astrophysical jet simulation, and magnetic reconnection studies. In this work, three typical discharge regions, i.e. spheromak region, diffusive region, and jet region, are observed through high-speed imaging and magnetic field measurements. The dynamic characteristics of the plasma in each region are systematically investigated. Based on ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) theory, the magnetic field configurations, rotational behavior, and axial motion mechanisms of the plasma in different regions analyzed in detail. The results show that in the spheromak region, the plasma reaches a Taylor-relaxed state, exhibiting uniform rotation and forming a stable compact torus (CT) structure. In the diffusive region, a relatively strong bias magnetic field leads to faster rotation, enhancing centrifugal force, and consequently, enhancing radial diffusion. In the jet region, due to the weaker bias field, the plasma accumulates at the end of the inner electrode, exhibiting a clear pinch effect and forming a jet with axial instability. These findings not only deepen the understanding of the discharge physics of magnetized coaxial guns but also provide valuable experimental and theoretical support for numerically simulating and developing efficient plasma sources.

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Corresponding author: SONG Jian, songjian@dlut.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National MCF Energy R&D Program, China (Grant No. 2024YFE03130000) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (Grant Nos. DUT24GF110, DUTZD25112).

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模式	磁场特征(沿径向$r$变化)	磁场信号维持时间
模式	磁场特征(沿径向$r$变化)	$t /{\text{μs}}$
球马克模式	${{\boldsymbol{B}}_z}$中间大, 两边小, ${{\boldsymbol{B}}_\theta }$中间小, 两边大, 方向相反, 能够与贝塞尔函数拟合$\lambda \approx 42.6\;{{\text{m}}^{ - 1}}$	10
扩散模式	${{\boldsymbol{B}}_z}$中间大, 两边小, ${{\boldsymbol{B}}_\theta }$中间不是最小, 方向相反. 两者拟合的贝塞尔函数$ \lambda $不相等	7—8
射流模式	${{\boldsymbol{B}}_z}$和${{\boldsymbol{B}}_\theta }$出现尖峰信号, 尤其${{\boldsymbol{B}}_\theta }$出现方向相反的尖峰信号, 贝塞尔函数无法成功拟合	16

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模式	环向运动特征	轴向运动特征	示意图
球马克模式	旋转速度逐渐增大, 最终均匀弥漫在内外电极之间	形成亮区团块, 随后缓慢扩张并伴随旋转
扩散模式	旋转速度较大并持续增加, 最终均匀弥漫在内外电极之间	等离子体快速向四周扩散, 呈现整体弥散分布类似于“吹破的泡泡”
射流模式	旋转速度较小, 局部出现螺旋丝状结构, 磁场减小时旋转进一步减弱	出现上下摆动, 磁场减小时向中心聚集, 形成射流柱

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Vol. 74, Issue 17 - 2025-09-05

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