//m.getgobooth.com/ 必威体育下载 daily 15 2024-09-05 15:36:21 apsoffice@iphy.ac.cn apsoffice@iphy.ac.cn 2024-09-05 15:36:21 zh Copyright ©Acta Physica Sinica All Rights Reserved. 京ICP备05002789号-1 Address: PostCode：100190 Phone: 010-82649829，82649241,82649863 Email: apsoffice@iphy.ac.cn Copyright ©Acta Physica Sinica All Rights Reserved apsoffice@iphy.ac.cn 1000-3290 //m.getgobooth.com/en/article/doi/10.7498/aps.42.691 Author(s): HAO SAN-RU <br/><p>The SUq(2) coherent state is constructed by making use of the q- deformation harmonic oscillators realization of the SUq(2) quantum algebra. It is shown that the basis functions of the SU, (2) quantum algebra is orthogonal. The completeness and normalizing property of the SUq(2) coherent state is studied. We point out that the coherent property of the SUq(2) co-herent state is affected by q parameter, and show more generalility than the usual SU(2) co-herent state.</p> <br/>Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 691-698. Published 2005-07-10 Author(s): HAO SAN-RU <br/><p>The SUq(2) coherent state is constructed by making use of the q- deformation harmonic oscillators realization of the SUq(2) quantum algebra. It is shown that the basis functions of the SU, (2) quantum algebra is orthogonal. The completeness and normalizing property of the SUq(2) coherent state is studied. We point out that the coherent property of the SUq(2) co-herent state is affected by q parameter, and show more generalility than the usual SU(2) co-herent state.</p> <br/>Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 691-698. Published 2005-07-10 A STUDY OF SUq(2) COHERENT STATE BY MAKING USE OF q-DEFORMATION HARMONIC OSCILLATORS REALIZATION OF SUq(2) QUANTUM ALGEBRA HAO SAN-RU 2005-07-10 Personal use only, all commercial or other reuse prohibited Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 691-698. article doi:10.7498/aps.42.691 10.7498/aps.42.691 Acta Physica Sinica 42 5 2005-07-10 //m.getgobooth.com/en/article/doi/10.7498/aps.42.691 691-698 //m.getgobooth.com/en/article/doi/10.7498/aps.42.699 Author(s): R. D. KHAN, ZHANG JIE-LUN, DING SHENG, SHEN WEN-DA <br/><p>The exact solution to a velocity-dependent forced quantum anharmonic oscillator is de-rived by using the integral oprators and iteration method. The time development of the dis-placement and momentum operators of the anharmonic oscillator is given. These operators are represented as a Laplace transform and a subsequent inverse Laplace transform of suitable functionals.</p> <br/>Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 699-704. Published 2005-07-10 Author(s): R. D. KHAN, ZHANG JIE-LUN, DING SHENG, SHEN WEN-DA <br/><p>The exact solution to a velocity-dependent forced quantum anharmonic oscillator is de-rived by using the integral oprators and iteration method. The time development of the dis-placement and momentum operators of the anharmonic oscillator is given. These operators are represented as a Laplace transform and a subsequent inverse Laplace transform of suitable functionals.</p> <br/>Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 699-704. Published 2005-07-10 EVOLUTION OF A VELOCITY-DEPENDENT FORCED QUANTUM ANHARMONIC OSCILLATOR R. D. KHAN, ZHANG JIE-LUN, DING SHENG, SHEN WEN-DA 2005-07-10 Personal use only, all commercial or other reuse prohibited Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 699-704. article doi:10.7498/aps.42.699 10.7498/aps.42.699 Acta Physica Sinica 42 5 2005-07-10 //m.getgobooth.com/en/article/doi/10.7498/aps.42.699 699-704 //m.getgobooth.com/en/article/doi/10.7498/aps.42.705 Author(s): LIU DENG-YUN <br/><p>For a quantum system with time dependent boundary conditions, it is shown that the ef-fective Hamiltonian can be constructed in a simple way without any geometric treatemnt. In this paper the effective Hamiltonian, constructed in the above way, of quantum particle in a spherical box of varying radius is used to calculate the Berry phase of the wave function. We found that the effective Hamiltonian and original one are formally related with a static gauge transformation, the quantum states of the two Hamiltonians differ by a Berry phase.</p> <br/>Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 705-710. Published 2005-07-10 Author(s): LIU DENG-YUN <br/><p>For a quantum system with time dependent boundary conditions, it is shown that the ef-fective Hamiltonian can be constructed in a simple way without any geometric treatemnt. In this paper the effective Hamiltonian, constructed in the above way, of quantum particle in a spherical box of varying radius is used to calculate the Berry phase of the wave function. We found that the effective Hamiltonian and original one are formally related with a static gauge transformation, the quantum states of the two Hamiltonians differ by a Berry phase.</p> <br/>Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 705-710. Published 2005-07-10 TIME DEPENDENT BOUNDARY CONDITIONS AND BERRY PHASE LIU DENG-YUN 2005-07-10 Personal use only, all commercial or other reuse prohibited Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 705-710. article doi:10.7498/aps.42.705 10.7498/aps.42.705 Acta Physica Sinica 42 5 2005-07-10 //m.getgobooth.com/en/article/doi/10.7498/aps.42.705 705-710 //m.getgobooth.com/en/article/doi/10.7498/aps.42.711 Author(s): HE DA-REN, S. HABIP, M. BAUER, U. KRUEGER, W. MARTIENSSEN, B. CHRISTIANSEN, WANG BING-HONG <br/><p>A both nondifferentiable (or discontinuous ) and noninvertible one-dimensional map can display a new type of intermittency. The mechanism of it is that a stable fixed point collides with the nondifferentiable of discontinuous point of the map and then disappears. This type of intermittency can happen in the case when the absolute eigenvalue of the linearised map near the fixed point equals any number smaller than 1 before the intermittency. Therefore, it can appear suddenly in any part between a period-doubling cascade, interrupt the cascade and lead to chaos. In the intermittent time plot after disappearence of the stable fixed point the dura-tion of the laminar phase follows a logarithmic dependence on the distance between a control parameter value and its critical number. This new scaling law is independent of the details of the map. We believe that this new type of intermittency should exist in many practical sys-tems.</p> <br/>Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 711-720. Published 2005-07-10 Author(s): HE DA-REN, S. HABIP, M. BAUER, U. KRUEGER, W. MARTIENSSEN, B. CHRISTIANSEN, WANG BING-HONG <br/><p>A both nondifferentiable (or discontinuous ) and noninvertible one-dimensional map can display a new type of intermittency. The mechanism of it is that a stable fixed point collides with the nondifferentiable of discontinuous point of the map and then disappears. This type of intermittency can happen in the case when the absolute eigenvalue of the linearised map near the fixed point equals any number smaller than 1 before the intermittency. Therefore, it can appear suddenly in any part between a period-doubling cascade, interrupt the cascade and lead to chaos. In the intermittent time plot after disappearence of the stable fixed point the dura-tion of the laminar phase follows a logarithmic dependence on the distance between a control parameter value and its critical number. This new scaling law is independent of the details of the map. We believe that this new type of intermittency should exist in many practical sys-tems.</p> <br/>Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 711-720. Published 2005-07-10 TYPE V INTERMITTENCY IN NONDIFFERENTIABLE AND NONINVERTIBLE MAPS HE DA-REN, S. HABIP, M. BAUER, U. KRUEGER, W. MARTIENSSEN, B. CHRISTIANSEN, WANG BING-HONG 2005-07-10 Personal use only, all commercial or other reuse prohibited Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 711-720. article doi:10.7498/aps.42.711 10.7498/aps.42.711 Acta Physica Sinica 42 5 2005-07-10 //m.getgobooth.com/en/article/doi/10.7498/aps.42.711 711-720 //m.getgobooth.com/en/article/doi/10.7498/aps.42.721 Author(s): LONG JUN-YAN, LI GUANG-HUA, KUANG LE-MAN <br/><p>By use of the Kustannheimo-Stiefel transformation, the problem of a four-dimensional covariant harmonic oscillator can be transformed to that of a three-dimensional hydrogen atom with constraint. On this basis, the difficulty of the excitation of the time degree of freedom can be avoided naturally and the mass-squared formula for mesons can be obtained.</p> <br/>Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 721-726. Published 2005-07-10 Author(s): LONG JUN-YAN, LI GUANG-HUA, KUANG LE-MAN <br/><p>By use of the Kustannheimo-Stiefel transformation, the problem of a four-dimensional covariant harmonic oscillator can be transformed to that of a three-dimensional hydrogen atom with constraint. On this basis, the difficulty of the excitation of the time degree of freedom can be avoided naturally and the mass-squared formula for mesons can be obtained.</p> <br/>Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 721-726. Published 2005-07-10 KUSTANNHEIMO-STIEFEL TRANSFORMATION FOR MESON STRUCTURE MODEL WITH A FOUR-DIMENSIONAL HARMONIC OSCILLATOR LONG JUN-YAN, LI GUANG-HUA, KUANG LE-MAN 2005-07-10 Personal use only, all commercial or other reuse prohibited Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 721-726. article doi:10.7498/aps.42.721 10.7498/aps.42.721 Acta Physica Sinica 42 5 2005-07-10 //m.getgobooth.com/en/article/doi/10.7498/aps.42.721 721-726 //m.getgobooth.com/en/article/doi/10.7498/aps.42.727 Author(s): ZHENG NENG-WU, LI GUO-SHENG <br/><p>From comparing the energy expression within the quantum defect theory (QDT) and the theory of the weakest bound electron potential model (WBEPM), we try to introduce a ad-justing coefficient k which can reflect the screening effects in the real atomic or ionic system. The calculation of expectation values of the radius and others shows that the coefficient k in-troduced not only makes accurate the describing of Rydbery series when using the parameters of isoelectronic series ; but also reveals the difference and relation between these two series. Another main content of this paper is about the adjustment of the number of nodes in eigen-functions of the valence electrons for atoms.</p> <br/>Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 727-734. Published 2005-07-10 Author(s): ZHENG NENG-WU, LI GUO-SHENG <br/><p>From comparing the energy expression within the quantum defect theory (QDT) and the theory of the weakest bound electron potential model (WBEPM), we try to introduce a ad-justing coefficient k which can reflect the screening effects in the real atomic or ionic system. The calculation of expectation values of the radius and others shows that the coefficient k in-troduced not only makes accurate the describing of Rydbery series when using the parameters of isoelectronic series ; but also reveals the difference and relation between these two series. Another main content of this paper is about the adjustment of the number of nodes in eigen-functions of the valence electrons for atoms.</p> <br/>Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 727-734. Published 2005-07-10 A STUDY ON PARAMETERS OF THE ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE OF MANY-ELECTRON ATOMS AND IONS ( I )——INTRODUCTION OF k COEFFICIENT AND ADJUSTMENT OF THE NUMBER OF NODES ZHENG NENG-WU, LI GUO-SHENG 2005-07-10 Personal use only, all commercial or other reuse prohibited Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 727-734. article doi:10.7498/aps.42.727 10.7498/aps.42.727 Acta Physica Sinica 42 5 2005-07-10 //m.getgobooth.com/en/article/doi/10.7498/aps.42.727 727-734 //m.getgobooth.com/en/article/doi/10.7498/aps.42.735 Author(s): ZHENG NENG-WU, LI GUO-SHENG <br/><p>Following the method of the adjusting coefficient k we introduced and using the simple analytical wavefunction within the weakest bound electron potential model (WBEPM), the transition results of each member in the isoelectronic series only vary with its nucleus charge number Z. So we can conveniently calculate the transition probabilities of Li I and the oscil-lator strengths of the 3-electron series. The comparisons with other methods show that not only the regularity of transitions in the isoelectronic series is reflected, but also a more accu-rate result could be obtained. The WBEPM theory with adjusting coefficient k can provide good trial wavefunctions for detailed atomic calculations, particularly for the study of isoelectronic series.</p> <br/>Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 735-740. Published 2005-07-10 Author(s): ZHENG NENG-WU, LI GUO-SHENG <br/><p>Following the method of the adjusting coefficient k we introduced and using the simple analytical wavefunction within the weakest bound electron potential model (WBEPM), the transition results of each member in the isoelectronic series only vary with its nucleus charge number Z. So we can conveniently calculate the transition probabilities of Li I and the oscil-lator strengths of the 3-electron series. The comparisons with other methods show that not only the regularity of transitions in the isoelectronic series is reflected, but also a more accu-rate result could be obtained. The WBEPM theory with adjusting coefficient k can provide good trial wavefunctions for detailed atomic calculations, particularly for the study of isoelectronic series.</p> <br/>Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 735-740. Published 2005-07-10 A STUDY ON PARAMETERS OF THE ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE OF MANY-ELECTRON ATOMS AND IONS ( Ⅱ )——CALCULATIONS OF THE TRANSITION PROBABILITIES AND OSCILLATOR STRENGTHS ZHENG NENG-WU, LI GUO-SHENG 2005-07-10 Personal use only, all commercial or other reuse prohibited Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 735-740. article doi:10.7498/aps.42.735 10.7498/aps.42.735 Acta Physica Sinica 42 5 2005-07-10 //m.getgobooth.com/en/article/doi/10.7498/aps.42.735 735-740 //m.getgobooth.com/en/article/doi/10.7498/aps.42.741 Author(s): ZHANG YIN-CHAO, GONG ZHI-BEN <br/><p>The least-squares fitting of the observed energy levels to the Watson' s Hamiltonian con-stants of water vapor vibrational states (202), (122), and (004) had been performed. Using these constants and the revised quantum Fourier transformation (namely QFT*) method, we calculated the N2-broadened widths of the observed absorption lines for (202) band. Also we obtained the N2-broadening widths and temperature dependences of lines in the R(l ,1) branch of (202), (122), and (004) bands. The agreement between calculation and experiment show that the fitting to the Hamiltonian constants is reasonable and the QFT* method can be ap-plied to calculate the collision broadening of water voapor in the visible region. In addition, the calculated results indicated that in the visible region the collision broadening and line-width temperature dependence vary with the rotational and vibrational quantum numbers, and the maximum values of these two parameters might be two times as large as the corresponding minmum value.</p> <br/>Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 741-749. Published 2005-07-10 Author(s): ZHANG YIN-CHAO, GONG ZHI-BEN <br/><p>The least-squares fitting of the observed energy levels to the Watson' s Hamiltonian con-stants of water vapor vibrational states (202), (122), and (004) had been performed. Using these constants and the revised quantum Fourier transformation (namely QFT*) method, we calculated the N2-broadened widths of the observed absorption lines for (202) band. Also we obtained the N2-broadening widths and temperature dependences of lines in the R(l ,1) branch of (202), (122), and (004) bands. The agreement between calculation and experiment show that the fitting to the Hamiltonian constants is reasonable and the QFT* method can be ap-plied to calculate the collision broadening of water voapor in the visible region. In addition, the calculated results indicated that in the visible region the collision broadening and line-width temperature dependence vary with the rotational and vibrational quantum numbers, and the maximum values of these two parameters might be two times as large as the corresponding minmum value.</p> <br/>Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 741-749. Published 2005-07-10 CALCULATION OF COLLISION BROADENING OF WATER VAPOR ABSORPTION LINES IN THE VISIBLE REGION ZHANG YIN-CHAO, GONG ZHI-BEN 2005-07-10 Personal use only, all commercial or other reuse prohibited Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 741-749. article doi:10.7498/aps.42.741 10.7498/aps.42.741 Acta Physica Sinica 42 5 2005-07-10 //m.getgobooth.com/en/article/doi/10.7498/aps.42.741 741-749 //m.getgobooth.com/en/article/doi/10.7498/aps.42.750 Author(s): TIAN REN-HE <br/><p>Starting from the relativistic motion equation of a single particle,the motion constants were obtained. And then by using these motion constants a distribution function of the beam particles was constructed which satisfies the Vlasov equation. The beam temperatures and the energy broadening of a relativistic charged-particle beam in axially symmetric electric- and magnetic-fields have been calculated by using the distribution function,and the weakly and strongly relativistic approximations have also been discussed respectively.</p> <br/>Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 750-756. Published 2005-07-10 Author(s): TIAN REN-HE <br/><p>Starting from the relativistic motion equation of a single particle,the motion constants were obtained. And then by using these motion constants a distribution function of the beam particles was constructed which satisfies the Vlasov equation. The beam temperatures and the energy broadening of a relativistic charged-particle beam in axially symmetric electric- and magnetic-fields have been calculated by using the distribution function,and the weakly and strongly relativistic approximations have also been discussed respectively.</p> <br/>Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 750-756. Published 2005-07-10 BEAM TEMPERATURES AND THE ENERGY BROADENING OF A RELATIVISTIC CHARGED-PARTICLE BEAM IN AXIALLY SYMMETRIC ELECTRIC- AND MAGNETIC-FIELDS TIAN REN-HE 2005-07-10 Personal use only, all commercial or other reuse prohibited Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 750-756. article doi:10.7498/aps.42.750 10.7498/aps.42.750 Acta Physica Sinica 42 5 2005-07-10 //m.getgobooth.com/en/article/doi/10.7498/aps.42.750 750-756 //m.getgobooth.com/en/article/doi/10.7498/aps.42.757 Author(s): WEI LIAN-FU <br/><p>The orthonormal eigenstates of operator aq2 are constructed. It is shown that they form a complete Hilbert space.</p> <br/>Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 757-761. Published 2005-07-10 Author(s): WEI LIAN-FU <br/><p>The orthonormal eigenstates of operator aq2 are constructed. It is shown that they form a complete Hilbert space.</p> <br/>Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 757-761. Published 2005-07-10 EIGENSTATES OF OPERATOR aqN(N≥2) WEI LIAN-FU 2005-07-10 Personal use only, all commercial or other reuse prohibited Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 757-761. article doi:10.7498/aps.42.757 10.7498/aps.42.757 Acta Physica Sinica 42 5 2005-07-10 //m.getgobooth.com/en/article/doi/10.7498/aps.42.757 757-761 //m.getgobooth.com/en/article/doi/10.7498/aps.42.762 Author(s): ZHANG SHI-CHANG, WANG WEN-YAO, XU YONG <br/><p>A simplified computational approach of free-electron lasers is proposed,which is suitable to the operation on micro-computers. The saturation output laser powers from the simulation on a micro-computer (AST386/33L)by means of this simplified approach are in agreement with the data measured in the MIT's experiment.</p> <br/>Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 762-768. Published 2005-07-10 Author(s): ZHANG SHI-CHANG, WANG WEN-YAO, XU YONG <br/><p>A simplified computational approach of free-electron lasers is proposed,which is suitable to the operation on micro-computers. The saturation output laser powers from the simulation on a micro-computer (AST386/33L)by means of this simplified approach are in agreement with the data measured in the MIT's experiment.</p> <br/>Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 762-768. Published 2005-07-10 A SIMPLIFIED COMPUTATIONAL SIMULATION APPROACH OF FREE ELECTRON LASERS ZHANG SHI-CHANG, WANG WEN-YAO, XU YONG 2005-07-10 Personal use only, all commercial or other reuse prohibited Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 762-768. article doi:10.7498/aps.42.762 10.7498/aps.42.762 Acta Physica Sinica 42 5 2005-07-10 //m.getgobooth.com/en/article/doi/10.7498/aps.42.762 762-768 //m.getgobooth.com/en/article/doi/10.7498/aps.42.769 Author(s): XIANG NONG, YU GUO-YANG <br/><p>By considering the lower hybrid wave trajectory,spectrum variation and power deposition in HT-6B tokamak plasma,we calculated the currents driven with different plasma density. The results show that there exists a density window for lower hybrid wave current drive (LHCD) ,i. e ,LHCD would be achieved only within a certain range of plasma density. The ex-planation of such a density window is given and the parameters option is also discussed.</p> <br/>Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 769-774. Published 2005-07-10 Author(s): XIANG NONG, YU GUO-YANG <br/><p>By considering the lower hybrid wave trajectory,spectrum variation and power deposition in HT-6B tokamak plasma,we calculated the currents driven with different plasma density. The results show that there exists a density window for lower hybrid wave current drive (LHCD) ,i. e ,LHCD would be achieved only within a certain range of plasma density. The ex-planation of such a density window is given and the parameters option is also discussed.</p> <br/>Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 769-774. Published 2005-07-10 DENSITY WINDOW FOR CURRENT DRIVE OF LOWER HYBRID WAVE ON HT-6B TOKAMAK XIANG NONG, YU GUO-YANG 2005-07-10 Personal use only, all commercial or other reuse prohibited Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 769-774. article doi:10.7498/aps.42.769 10.7498/aps.42.769 Acta Physica Sinica 42 5 2005-07-10 //m.getgobooth.com/en/article/doi/10.7498/aps.42.769 769-774 //m.getgobooth.com/en/article/doi/10.7498/aps.42.775 Author(s): WU JUN-LING <br/><p>The relativistic electron cyclotron wave dispersion relation has been derived analytically with the electron distribution function also a relativistic one. The singularity which is in-evitable in these problem has been calculated analytically without imposing any condition. So the formula obtained here can be directly applied to the general situation of wave propagation and absorption. It provided a convenient formula for the study of high temperature plasma electron cyclotron wave.</p> <br/>Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 775-784. Published 2005-07-10 Author(s): WU JUN-LING <br/><p>The relativistic electron cyclotron wave dispersion relation has been derived analytically with the electron distribution function also a relativistic one. The singularity which is in-evitable in these problem has been calculated analytically without imposing any condition. So the formula obtained here can be directly applied to the general situation of wave propagation and absorption. It provided a convenient formula for the study of high temperature plasma electron cyclotron wave.</p> <br/>Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 775-784. Published 2005-07-10 THE RELATIVISTIC ELECTRON CYCLOTRON WAVE DISPERSION RELATION IN PLASMA WU JUN-LING 2005-07-10 Personal use only, all commercial or other reuse prohibited Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 775-784. article doi:10.7498/aps.42.775 10.7498/aps.42.775 Acta Physica Sinica 42 5 2005-07-10 //m.getgobooth.com/en/article/doi/10.7498/aps.42.775 775-784 //m.getgobooth.com/en/article/doi/10.7498/aps.42.785 Author(s): HAN SHEN-SHENG, XU ZHI-ZHAN, JIANG ZHI-MING, LI YUE-LIN, WANG XIAO-FANG, QIAN AI-DI, SUN LAN <br/><p>In the paper, we present the experimental results about the relationship between the plasma parameters' distribution and its target structure. The diagnostic results show that the characteristics of electron temperature and electron density distributions depend strongly on the target structure. The ionization state distributions of different targets are also discussed and compared with the theoretical calculated results for a simple model.</p> <br/>Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 785-791. Published 2005-07-10 Author(s): HAN SHEN-SHENG, XU ZHI-ZHAN, JIANG ZHI-MING, LI YUE-LIN, WANG XIAO-FANG, QIAN AI-DI, SUN LAN <br/><p>In the paper, we present the experimental results about the relationship between the plasma parameters' distribution and its target structure. The diagnostic results show that the characteristics of electron temperature and electron density distributions depend strongly on the target structure. The ionization state distributions of different targets are also discussed and compared with the theoretical calculated results for a simple model.</p> <br/>Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 785-791. Published 2005-07-10 AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SLABE, HALF-CYLINDER AND FOIL TARGET STRUCTURE AND ITS LASER PLASMA PARAMETERS DISTRIBUTION HAN SHEN-SHENG, XU ZHI-ZHAN, JIANG ZHI-MING, LI YUE-LIN, WANG XIAO-FANG, QIAN AI-DI, SUN LAN 2005-07-10 Personal use only, all commercial or other reuse prohibited Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 785-791. article doi:10.7498/aps.42.785 10.7498/aps.42.785 Acta Physica Sinica 42 5 2005-07-10 //m.getgobooth.com/en/article/doi/10.7498/aps.42.785 785-791 //m.getgobooth.com/en/article/doi/10.7498/aps.42.792 Author(s): XIE SHI-JIE, MEI LIANG-MO, SUN GUO-CHANG <br/><p>With a local potential of site-impurity in the frame work of the SSH model, the Coulomb effect of the dopant ions on the vibrational modes around the charged-soliton in doped poly-acetylene has been studied. The calculated results showed that the Goldstone theorem will be destroyed and the translation mode g1 will be pined by the dopant potential. At the same time, a new even-parity mode g′ 1 has been found. The appearance of g1 and g′1 interpret well the broad peak at 930 cm-1. In addition, other localized modes have also been discussed.</p> <br/>Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 792-797. Published 2005-07-10 Author(s): XIE SHI-JIE, MEI LIANG-MO, SUN GUO-CHANG <br/><p>With a local potential of site-impurity in the frame work of the SSH model, the Coulomb effect of the dopant ions on the vibrational modes around the charged-soliton in doped poly-acetylene has been studied. The calculated results showed that the Goldstone theorem will be destroyed and the translation mode g1 will be pined by the dopant potential. At the same time, a new even-parity mode g′ 1 has been found. The appearance of g1 and g′1 interpret well the broad peak at 930 cm-1. In addition, other localized modes have also been discussed.</p> <br/>Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 792-797. Published 2005-07-10 THE IRAV MODES AROUND CHARGED-SOLITON IN DOPED POLYACETYLENE XIE SHI-JIE, MEI LIANG-MO, SUN GUO-CHANG 2005-07-10 Personal use only, all commercial or other reuse prohibited Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 792-797. article doi:10.7498/aps.42.792 10.7498/aps.42.792 Acta Physica Sinica 42 5 2005-07-10 //m.getgobooth.com/en/article/doi/10.7498/aps.42.792 792-797 //m.getgobooth.com/en/article/doi/10.7498/aps.42.798 Author(s): XIA HAI-RUI, QIN ZI-KAI, YUAN WU, LIU SHI-FANG, HAN JIAN-RU <br/><p>The non-ferroelectric two-component piezoelectric single crystal Al0.088Ga0.12PO4 grown from solution by slow heating method is obtained. We determine the structure of the single crystal by results of three kinds of measurements. Finally, the electro-elastic constants of this single crystal as a new kind of piezoelectric material are given.</p> <br/>Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 798-802. Published 2005-07-10 Author(s): XIA HAI-RUI, QIN ZI-KAI, YUAN WU, LIU SHI-FANG, HAN JIAN-RU <br/><p>The non-ferroelectric two-component piezoelectric single crystal Al0.088Ga0.12PO4 grown from solution by slow heating method is obtained. We determine the structure of the single crystal by results of three kinds of measurements. Finally, the electro-elastic constants of this single crystal as a new kind of piezoelectric material are given.</p> <br/>Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 798-802. Published 2005-07-10 GROWTH AND STUDY OF TWO-COMPONENT PIEZOELECTRIC SINGLE CRYSTAL ALUMINIUM GALLIUM PHOSPHATE (Al1-xGaxPO4) XIA HAI-RUI, QIN ZI-KAI, YUAN WU, LIU SHI-FANG, HAN JIAN-RU 2005-07-10 Personal use only, all commercial or other reuse prohibited Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 798-802. article doi:10.7498/aps.42.798 10.7498/aps.42.798 Acta Physica Sinica 42 5 2005-07-10 //m.getgobooth.com/en/article/doi/10.7498/aps.42.798 798-802 //m.getgobooth.com/en/article/doi/10.7498/aps.42.803 Author(s): HUANG MEI-CHUN, LI YAN-LAN, HE XIAO-GUANG <br/><p>A new approach for studying the electronic properties of the Ⅱ-Ⅵ compounds is presented , in which the atoms in a cluster is divided into the inner ones and boundary ones, the influence of the charge transfer on the environmental potential produced by the ion lattices outside the cluster is taken into account. The occupation number of the cluster molecular orbitals is calculated by a modified DV-SCC method with a new environmental potential. The net charges and the charge transfer of the clusters TM: ZnSe are investigated from the calculated electronic structure parameters. Some of new regularity, the behaviour and concept, due to the interaction between the transition-metal ions and ligand ions are discussed in brief.</p> <br/>Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 803-808. Published 2005-07-10 Author(s): HUANG MEI-CHUN, LI YAN-LAN, HE XIAO-GUANG <br/><p>A new approach for studying the electronic properties of the Ⅱ-Ⅵ compounds is presented , in which the atoms in a cluster is divided into the inner ones and boundary ones, the influence of the charge transfer on the environmental potential produced by the ion lattices outside the cluster is taken into account. The occupation number of the cluster molecular orbitals is calculated by a modified DV-SCC method with a new environmental potential. The net charges and the charge transfer of the clusters TM: ZnSe are investigated from the calculated electronic structure parameters. Some of new regularity, the behaviour and concept, due to the interaction between the transition-metal ions and ligand ions are discussed in brief.</p> <br/>Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 803-808. Published 2005-07-10 INTERACTION BETWEEN TRANSITION METAL (TM) IONS AND LIGAND IONS IN TM: ZnSe CLUSTERS HUANG MEI-CHUN, LI YAN-LAN, HE XIAO-GUANG 2005-07-10 Personal use only, all commercial or other reuse prohibited Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 803-808. article doi:10.7498/aps.42.803 10.7498/aps.42.803 Acta Physica Sinica 42 5 2005-07-10 //m.getgobooth.com/en/article/doi/10.7498/aps.42.803 803-808 //m.getgobooth.com/en/article/doi/10.7498/aps.42.809 Author(s): DUAN WEN-HUI, WANG SHI-FAN, NI JUN, GU BING-LIN, ZHU JIA-LIN <br/><p>The stable ordered structures of (GaAs)1-xGe2x system have been studied, using the probability wave theory of the atomic configuration (PWAC). Based on the determination of the ordered structures, the electronic structures of five typical stable ordered structures for x = 0.5 are investigated by the use of first principle self-consistent LMTO method. The calculated results show that the electronic properties of different ordered structures can be quite different. The more Ga-Ge and Ge-As atomic bonds in unit cell of ordered structures are, the more possible the ordered structures are expected to exhibit a metallic character.</p> <br/>Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 809-816. Published 2005-07-10 Author(s): DUAN WEN-HUI, WANG SHI-FAN, NI JUN, GU BING-LIN, ZHU JIA-LIN <br/><p>The stable ordered structures of (GaAs)1-xGe2x system have been studied, using the probability wave theory of the atomic configuration (PWAC). Based on the determination of the ordered structures, the electronic structures of five typical stable ordered structures for x = 0.5 are investigated by the use of first principle self-consistent LMTO method. The calculated results show that the electronic properties of different ordered structures can be quite different. The more Ga-Ge and Ge-As atomic bonds in unit cell of ordered structures are, the more possible the ordered structures are expected to exhibit a metallic character.</p> <br/>Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 809-816. Published 2005-07-10 ORDERED STRUCTURES AND ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF (GaAs)1-xGe2x SYSTEM DUAN WEN-HUI, WANG SHI-FAN, NI JUN, GU BING-LIN, ZHU JIA-LIN 2005-07-10 Personal use only, all commercial or other reuse prohibited Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 809-816. article doi:10.7498/aps.42.809 10.7498/aps.42.809 Acta Physica Sinica 42 5 2005-07-10 //m.getgobooth.com/en/article/doi/10.7498/aps.42.809 809-816 //m.getgobooth.com/en/article/doi/10.7498/aps.42.817 Author(s): LU LI-WU, ZHOU JIE, LIANG JI-BEN, KONG MEI-YING <br/><p>The deep levels of P-HEMT structure grown by MBE have been studied using DLTS technique. DLTS Spectra of samples show that high temperature electron traps, having larger capture cross sections and concentrations, are measured in n-AlGaAs layer of P-HEMT structure. These traps may correlate strongly with oxygen content of n-AIGaAs layer and be responsible for electrical parameters of P-HEMT structure. The experimental results also show that DLTS technique may be a tool of optimisation design of practical devices.</p> <br/>Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 817-823. Published 2005-07-10 Author(s): LU LI-WU, ZHOU JIE, LIANG JI-BEN, KONG MEI-YING <br/><p>The deep levels of P-HEMT structure grown by MBE have been studied using DLTS technique. DLTS Spectra of samples show that high temperature electron traps, having larger capture cross sections and concentrations, are measured in n-AlGaAs layer of P-HEMT structure. These traps may correlate strongly with oxygen content of n-AIGaAs layer and be responsible for electrical parameters of P-HEMT structure. The experimental results also show that DLTS technique may be a tool of optimisation design of practical devices.</p> <br/>Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 817-823. Published 2005-07-10 DEEP LEVEL STUDIES OF P-HEMT STRUCTURE GROWN BY MBE LU LI-WU, ZHOU JIE, LIANG JI-BEN, KONG MEI-YING 2005-07-10 Personal use only, all commercial or other reuse prohibited Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 817-823. article doi:10.7498/aps.42.817 10.7498/aps.42.817 Acta Physica Sinica 42 5 2005-07-10 //m.getgobooth.com/en/article/doi/10.7498/aps.42.817 817-823 //m.getgobooth.com/en/article/doi/10.7498/aps.42.824 Author(s): XU ZHI-ZHONG <br/><p>The optical constants were calculated for coherently strained alloys GexSi1-x on Si (001) substrates with tight - binding method. The effects of strains on the electronic energy band structures are taken into account by modifying the tight-binding parameters according to the variations of the bond angle cosines and the bond lengths. For the changes of the bond lengths, an empirical scaling rule is used, in which the scaling indexes are determined through fitting the calculated values of deformation potential constants to their experimental values for Ge and Si. The momentum matrix elements in the formula for calculating the imaginary part of dielectric constants are determined by fitting the ε2 of Ge and Si. The calculated results for the optical constants , including the imaginary part of dielectric constant, the refractive index, the absorptance and the reflectance, are given both for the strained alloys and bulk alloys GexSi1-x as x=0.2 and 1. By comparison of them, the effects of strains on the optical constants are discussed.</p> <br/>Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 824-831. Published 2005-07-10 Author(s): XU ZHI-ZHONG <br/><p>The optical constants were calculated for coherently strained alloys GexSi1-x on Si (001) substrates with tight - binding method. The effects of strains on the electronic energy band structures are taken into account by modifying the tight-binding parameters according to the variations of the bond angle cosines and the bond lengths. For the changes of the bond lengths, an empirical scaling rule is used, in which the scaling indexes are determined through fitting the calculated values of deformation potential constants to their experimental values for Ge and Si. The momentum matrix elements in the formula for calculating the imaginary part of dielectric constants are determined by fitting the ε2 of Ge and Si. The calculated results for the optical constants , including the imaginary part of dielectric constant, the refractive index, the absorptance and the reflectance, are given both for the strained alloys and bulk alloys GexSi1-x as x=0.2 and 1. By comparison of them, the effects of strains on the optical constants are discussed.</p> <br/>Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 824-831. Published 2005-07-10 OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF COHERENTLY STRAINED ALLOYS GexSi1-x ON Si (001) SUBSTRATES XU ZHI-ZHONG 2005-07-10 Personal use only, all commercial or other reuse prohibited Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 824-831. article doi:10.7498/aps.42.824 10.7498/aps.42.824 Acta Physica Sinica 42 5 2005-07-10 //m.getgobooth.com/en/article/doi/10.7498/aps.42.824 824-831 //m.getgobooth.com/en/article/doi/10.7498/aps.42.832 Author(s): LI YU-ZHI, XU CUN-YI, ZHOU GUI-EN, LIU HONG-BAO, ZHANG YU-HENG <br/><p>We have studied behaviour of a-Ge/Pb layers after annealing at different temperatures. We obtained: (1) Pb induced amorphous Ge to crystalize. (2) There are two diffusion mecha-nism in the annealing a-Ge/Pb layers. (3) For a-Ge/Pb 200nm/100nm layers, preferred orientation Pb are recrystalllized in annealing. We also explained abnormal behaviour of resistivity during the annealing of layers.</p> <br/>Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 832-839. Published 2005-07-10 Author(s): LI YU-ZHI, XU CUN-YI, ZHOU GUI-EN, LIU HONG-BAO, ZHANG YU-HENG <br/><p>We have studied behaviour of a-Ge/Pb layers after annealing at different temperatures. We obtained: (1) Pb induced amorphous Ge to crystalize. (2) There are two diffusion mecha-nism in the annealing a-Ge/Pb layers. (3) For a-Ge/Pb 200nm/100nm layers, preferred orientation Pb are recrystalllized in annealing. We also explained abnormal behaviour of resistivity during the annealing of layers.</p> <br/>Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 832-839. Published 2005-07-10 THE MUTUAL DIFFUSION AND ABNORMAL RESISTIVITY BEHAVIOUR IN ANNEALED a-Ge/Pb LAYER LI YU-ZHI, XU CUN-YI, ZHOU GUI-EN, LIU HONG-BAO, ZHANG YU-HENG 2005-07-10 Personal use only, all commercial or other reuse prohibited Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 832-839. article doi:10.7498/aps.42.832 10.7498/aps.42.832 Acta Physica Sinica 42 5 2005-07-10 //m.getgobooth.com/en/article/doi/10.7498/aps.42.832 832-839 //m.getgobooth.com/en/article/doi/10.7498/aps.42.840 Author(s): Lü Man-qi, A. WAGENDRISTEL <br/><p>The NdxFe1-x amorphous thin films with x=0.06-0.80 were prepared at 77 K by flash evaporation. The results show that the amorphous films are stable at room temperature when 0.192 and T untill the crystallization occurs. The crystallization of the amorphous films can not be completed at a certain fixed temperature but over a temperature range.</p> <br/>Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 840-846. Published 2005-07-10 Author(s): Lü Man-qi, A. WAGENDRISTEL <br/><p>The NdxFe1-x amorphous thin films with x=0.06-0.80 were prepared at 77 K by flash evaporation. The results show that the amorphous films are stable at room temperature when 0.192 and T untill the crystallization occurs. The crystallization of the amorphous films can not be completed at a certain fixed temperature but over a temperature range.</p> <br/>Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 840-846. Published 2005-07-10 TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF ELECTRIC RESISTIVITY OF Nd-Fe AMORPHOUS THIN FILMS AND ITS THERMAL STABILITY Lü Man-qi, A. WAGENDRISTEL 2005-07-10 Personal use only, all commercial or other reuse prohibited Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 840-846. article doi:10.7498/aps.42.840 10.7498/aps.42.840 Acta Physica Sinica 42 5 2005-07-10 //m.getgobooth.com/en/article/doi/10.7498/aps.42.840 840-846 //m.getgobooth.com/en/article/doi/10.7498/aps.42.847 Author(s): CHE GUAMG-CAN, WU FEI, DONG CHENG, LI HUA, YIN BO, JIA SHUN-LIAN, ZHOU YU-QING, YANG YE, XIONG JI-WU, ZHAO ZHONG-XIAN <br/><p>The effect of grinding on superconductors of Y-123 and Bi(Pb)-2223 phases and phase formation have been studied by means of X- ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, scanning electron microscope and measurements of the superconductivity. The experimental results show that there is significant difference of grinding effect on Y-123 and Bi(Pb)-2223 phase superconductors. Grinding causes a change of crystalline state to amorphous one for Bi(Pb)-2223 phase superconductor. The effect of the mechanical strain from preparing process and accident on superconductivity of material should be taken into consideration.</p> <br/>Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 847-852. Published 2005-07-10 Author(s): CHE GUAMG-CAN, WU FEI, DONG CHENG, LI HUA, YIN BO, JIA SHUN-LIAN, ZHOU YU-QING, YANG YE, XIONG JI-WU, ZHAO ZHONG-XIAN <br/><p>The effect of grinding on superconductors of Y-123 and Bi(Pb)-2223 phases and phase formation have been studied by means of X- ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, scanning electron microscope and measurements of the superconductivity. The experimental results show that there is significant difference of grinding effect on Y-123 and Bi(Pb)-2223 phase superconductors. Grinding causes a change of crystalline state to amorphous one for Bi(Pb)-2223 phase superconductor. The effect of the mechanical strain from preparing process and accident on superconductivity of material should be taken into consideration.</p> <br/>Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 847-852. Published 2005-07-10 EFFECT OF GRINDING ON Y-123 and Bi(Pb)-2223 PHASE SUPERCONDUCTORS CHE GUAMG-CAN, WU FEI, DONG CHENG, LI HUA, YIN BO, JIA SHUN-LIAN, ZHOU YU-QING, YANG YE, XIONG JI-WU, ZHAO ZHONG-XIAN 2005-07-10 Personal use only, all commercial or other reuse prohibited Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 847-852. article doi:10.7498/aps.42.847 10.7498/aps.42.847 Acta Physica Sinica 42 5 2005-07-10 //m.getgobooth.com/en/article/doi/10.7498/aps.42.847 847-852 //m.getgobooth.com/en/article/doi/10.7498/aps.42.853 Author(s): WANG FU-GAO, HU JIA-ZHEN <br/><p>In this paper,the Ising model with two-body anisotropic interactions and three-body interactions on union Jack lattice is solved by free-fermion approximation. We have obtained its free energy, spontaneous magnetisation and the equation of critical points. When the interaction coefficients are simplified as in a square lattice Ising model, the same solusion as Onsager's is obtained.</p> <br/>Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 853-858. Published 2005-07-10 Author(s): WANG FU-GAO, HU JIA-ZHEN <br/><p>In this paper,the Ising model with two-body anisotropic interactions and three-body interactions on union Jack lattice is solved by free-fermion approximation. We have obtained its free energy, spontaneous magnetisation and the equation of critical points. When the interaction coefficients are simplified as in a square lattice Ising model, the same solusion as Onsager's is obtained.</p> <br/>Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 853-858. Published 2005-07-10 FREE-FERMION APPROXIMATE SOLUSION OF THE ISING MODEL ON UNION JACK LATTICE WANG FU-GAO, HU JIA-ZHEN 2005-07-10 Personal use only, all commercial or other reuse prohibited Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 853-858. article doi:10.7498/aps.42.853 10.7498/aps.42.853 Acta Physica Sinica 42 5 2005-07-10 //m.getgobooth.com/en/article/doi/10.7498/aps.42.853 853-858 //m.getgobooth.com/en/article/doi/10.7498/aps.42.859 Author(s): HAN SHI-YING, SUI YUN-XIA, WANG JI-YANG, LIU YAO-GANG, WEI JIN-QIAN <br/><p>EPR spectra of V4+-doped single crystal (V4+/KTP) were observed in X band at room temperature. The analysis on the spectra shows that the V4+ ions may occupy two kinds of crystallographically diffrent sites, each kind of sites contains four magnetically nonequivalent but crystallographically equivalent sites. The angular varitions of EPR hyperfine lines were measured with the external magnetic field in three mutually perpendicular planes. The principal values and direction cosines of the principal axes of the g and A tensors, were computed by a least-squares fitting procedure. These main results reveal that the V enters the lattice to substitute for the Ti ion of KTP to form V site with a tetragonally distorted octahetral symmetry. The orientations of all eight Ti ion sites substituted in an unit cell of KTP have been determined.</p> <br/>Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 859-863. Published 2005-07-10 Author(s): HAN SHI-YING, SUI YUN-XIA, WANG JI-YANG, LIU YAO-GANG, WEI JIN-QIAN <br/><p>EPR spectra of V4+-doped single crystal (V4+/KTP) were observed in X band at room temperature. The analysis on the spectra shows that the V4+ ions may occupy two kinds of crystallographically diffrent sites, each kind of sites contains four magnetically nonequivalent but crystallographically equivalent sites. The angular varitions of EPR hyperfine lines were measured with the external magnetic field in three mutually perpendicular planes. The principal values and direction cosines of the principal axes of the g and A tensors, were computed by a least-squares fitting procedure. These main results reveal that the V enters the lattice to substitute for the Ti ion of KTP to form V site with a tetragonally distorted octahetral symmetry. The orientations of all eight Ti ion sites substituted in an unit cell of KTP have been determined.</p> <br/>Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 859-863. Published 2005-07-10 ELECTRON PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE OF V4+-DOPED KTiOPO4 SINGLE CRYSTAL HAN SHI-YING, SUI YUN-XIA, WANG JI-YANG, LIU YAO-GANG, WEI JIN-QIAN 2005-07-10 Personal use only, all commercial or other reuse prohibited Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 859-863. article doi:10.7498/aps.42.859 10.7498/aps.42.859 Acta Physica Sinica 42 5 2005-07-10 //m.getgobooth.com/en/article/doi/10.7498/aps.42.859 859-863 //m.getgobooth.com/en/article/doi/10.7498/aps.42.864 Author(s): CHENG WEN-QIN, MEI XIAO-BING, ZHOU JUN-MING, LIU YU-LONG, ZHU KE <br/><p>The photoluminescence of Be-doped GaAs quantum wells with width of 10 nm was measured at 4.2 K. The doping concentration is about 1×1017 and 5×1018cm-3. The results showed that the product of the density of states of acceptors and the probability of transition from conduction subband n=l to neutral acceptors at the well center is larger than that near the interface of GaAs and AlGaAs. In addition, the ionization energy of acceptors is decreased as doping concentration is increased. It is due to band-gap narrowing with the doping concentration of p-type GaAs.</p> <br/>Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 864-866. Published 2005-07-10 Author(s): CHENG WEN-QIN, MEI XIAO-BING, ZHOU JUN-MING, LIU YU-LONG, ZHU KE <br/><p>The photoluminescence of Be-doped GaAs quantum wells with width of 10 nm was measured at 4.2 K. The doping concentration is about 1×1017 and 5×1018cm-3. The results showed that the product of the density of states of acceptors and the probability of transition from conduction subband n=l to neutral acceptors at the well center is larger than that near the interface of GaAs and AlGaAs. In addition, the ionization energy of acceptors is decreased as doping concentration is increased. It is due to band-gap narrowing with the doping concentration of p-type GaAs.</p> <br/>Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 864-866. Published 2005-07-10 PHOTOLUMINESCENCE OF Be-DOPED-GaAs QUANTUM WELLS CHENG WEN-QIN, MEI XIAO-BING, ZHOU JUN-MING, LIU YU-LONG, ZHU KE 2005-07-10 Personal use only, all commercial or other reuse prohibited Acta Physica Sinica. 1993 42(5): 864-866. article doi:10.7498/aps.42.864 10.7498/aps.42.864 Acta Physica Sinica 42 5 2005-07-10 //m.getgobooth.com/en/article/doi/10.7498/aps.42.864 864-866