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摘要

面对宽幅地形测绘和空基大气测量等应用的需求, 迫切需要发展能够适应机载平台的低功耗的小型化单光子探测系统. 超导纳米线单光子探测器(SNSPD)因性能优异, 已被应用到量子信息、深空通信和远程激光雷达等领域. 然而, 常规SNSPD所需低温系统的体积和重量均较大, 不易于应用到机载平台. 截至目前, 国际上还未出现应用于机载平台的SNSPD的相关报道. 本文设计并制备了工作温度为4.2 K的SNSPD. 超导探测器芯片是光敏面积为60 μm × 60 μm的四通道光子数可分辨器件, 通过光束压缩系统耦合到直径200 μm的光纤, 在温度为4.2 K时量子效率大于50%@1064 nm. 最后, 测试了单个通道的时间特性, 在不同光子数响应的情况下得到了不同的时间抖动, 其中四光子响应时的时间抖动最小, 半高宽为110 ps. 该工作不仅可支撑机载应用, 而且对于推动发展通用的小型化SNSPD系统及其应用具有积极意义.

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Abstract

Facing the demand for applications such as wide-area terrain mapping and space-based atmospheric measurements, there is an urgent need to develop miniaturized single-photon detection systems with low power consumption that can be adapted to airborne platforms. Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) have been applied to quantum information, bioimaging, deep space communication and long-range lidar with the advantages of high quantum efficiency, low dark count rate and fast detection rate. However, traditional SNSPD usually operates at 2.1 K or even lower, and the required cryogenic systems are large in size and weight, which are not easy to apply to airborne platforms. Up to now, there has been no report on SNSPD applied to airborne platforms. How to apply SNSPD to airborne platforms is an urgent problem to be solved. In this work, we design and make an SNSPD with an operating temperature of 4.2 K. The superconducting detector chip is a four-channel photon-number-resolving device with a photosensitive area of 60 μm × 60 μm, which is coupled to a 200-μm-diameter fiber by a beam compression system with a quantum efficiency of 50% at 1064 nm and a temperature of 4.2 K. Finally, the time characteristics of a single channel are tested in response to different photon numbers. The timing jitter of four-photon response is smallest, and the half-height width is 110 ps. This work not only supports airborne applications, but also has positive implications for promoting the development of general-purpose miniaturized SNSPD systems and their applications.

Keywords:

superconducting nanowire single photon detector/
liquid helium temperature zone/
photon number resolution/
airborne platform

作者及机构信息

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通信作者:夏凌昊,xlh2006@163.com; 张蜡宝,lzhang@nju.edu.cn;

基金项目:国家自然科学基金(批准号: 12033002, 62101240, 62071218, 62071214, 61801206, 11227904, 62288101)、广东省重点领域研究与发展计划(批准号: 2020B030302001)和江苏省自然科学基金(批准号: BK202010177)资助的课题.

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Corresponding author:Xia Ling-Hao,xlh2006@163.com; Zhang La-Bao,lzhang@nju.edu.cn;

Funds:Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12033002, 62101240, 62071218, 62071214, 61801206, 11227904, 62288101), the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province, China (Grant No. 2020B030302001), and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (Grant No. BK202010177).

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参考文献

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施引文献

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

年份	薄膜材料	波段/nm	探测器直径、线长或面积	运行温度/K	效率
2020年^[23]	NbTiN	1064	直径15 μm	4.2	—
2019年^[24]	NbTiN	1550	直径14 μm	4.2	64%
2017年^[25]	MoSi	370	直径56 μm	4	80%
2017年^[26]	NbTiN	1310	直径12 μm	4.2	20%
2017年^[22]	MgB₂	1550	线长120 μm	11	—
This work	NbN	1064	60 μm× 60 μm	3.5	量子效率饱和

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