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共形超构表面具有灵活的外形, 便于适应复杂的平台结构, 在移动载体散射调控方面具有显著的应用优势. 但共形超构表面散射场电磁仿真时间周期长、优化复杂, 难以支撑共形超构表面的敏捷设计. 本文提出了一种. 首先, 根据天线理论和全波电磁仿真在物理机理上的同一性, 预先用大量理论数据训练源域模型, 构建相位分布与散射场的初始映射模型; 然后, 将少量全波仿真训练数据作为目标域样本, 依托预训练、参数冻结和模型微调实现初始模型的有效迁移, 完成超构表面相位分布到散射场映射模型的构建; 最后, 针对不同的共形几何结构, 在迁移学习模型基础上进行了二次迁移. 结果表明, 本文所提方法的散射场计算时间较全波仿真下降3个数量级, 在少样本条件下应用迁移学习后散射场计算精度平均提升19.8%, 训练数据量仅占未迁移学习模型的42.9%, 数据集收集时间缩短50.1%, 同时在超构表面共形结构发生改变时具有一定泛化性.Conformal metasurfaces with flexible structures can fit complicated platforms and have obvious advantages in moving platforms scattering manipulations. However, the far-field simulation of conformal metasurface is time-consuming and difficult to optimize, thereby making the its agile design difficult. Here, an efficient and intelligent scattering field calculation method is proposed based on transfer learning for conformal metasurfaces. Firstly, according to the consistency in physical mechanism between antenna theory and full wave simulation, an initial mapping model between phase distribution and far-field of metasurface is constructed and pre-trained based on a large quantity of theoretical data in source domain. Secondly, by pre-training, parameter freezing and model fine-tuning, the far-field prediction model for full wave simulation is transferred and achieved successfully, based on a small quantity of full wave simulation data in target domain. Finally, the transfer learning model for far-field prediction is transferred once again for conformal metasurfaces with different structures. Results indicate that the proposed method only consumes 0.1% of full wave simulation time for conformal metasurface far-field calculation. In fewer samples, the model with transfer learning can improve the average accuracy by 19.8%, and the training data account for only 42.9% for the models without transfer learning, which reduces the training data collection time by 50.1%. Moreover, our far-field calculation method demonstrates good transfer performance between conformal metasurfaces with different structures.
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Keywords:
- conformal metasurface /
- transfer learning /
- scattering field
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序号 控制变量 候选集合 1 卷积块数量 $ \{1, 2, 3\} $ 2 全连接块数量(不含输出层) $ \{1, 2, 3, 4, 5\} $ 3 激活函数类型 {ReLU, ReLU6, ELU, LeakyReLU, SoftPlus} 
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序号 控制变量 候选集合 1 学习率 {0.0001, 0.0002, . .., 0.0099, 0.01}, 步长为0.0001 2 批量大小 {32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024} 3 迭代轮次 {5, 10, 15, 20, . .., 90, 95, 100}, 步长为5
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序号 模型 预训练模型 迁移次数 1 ${\mathcal{M}_0}$ 无 0 2 ${\mathcal{M}_1}$ ${\mathcal{M}_0}$ 1 3 ${\mathcal{M}'_2}$ 无 0 4 ${\mathcal{M}''_2}$ ${\mathcal{M}_0}$ 1 5 ${\mathcal{M}_2}$ ${\mathcal{M}_1}$ 2
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