Zheng Mao-Wen; Guo Hao-Wen; Wei Ling-Jiao; Pan Zi-Jie; Zou Jia-Run; Li Rui-Xin; Zhao Mi-Guang; Chen Hou-Lei; Liang Jing-Tao

doi:10.7498/aps.73.20241211

Abstract

Dilution refrigerator, as a refrigeration technology that can obtain extremely low temperatures below 10 mK, is widely used in fields such as quantum computing, and condensed matter physics. The development of the most widely used typical dry dilution refrigerators has been relatively mature, while there is little research on other types of dilution refrigerators, and there is a lack of comprehensive and systematic research on dilution refrigeration technology.This paper focuses on the current status of dilution refrigeration technology research, introduces its basic principles, and points out that the fundamental reason for continuous refrigeration is the limited solubility of ³He in ⁴He and the difference in enthalpy between the concentrated phase and the dilute phase. This paper summarizes the realization forms and research progress of typical dilution refrigerators, ⁴He cycle dilution refrigerators, cold cycle dilution refrigerators, and space dilution refrigerators, and discusses their respective application occasions and advantages and disadvantages. From the Kapitza thermal resistance, osmotic pressure, and resistance, this paper analyzes the key influencing factors and design calculation methods for realizing dilution refrigerators below 10 mK, which provides reference for studying dilution refrigeration technology.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

Corresponding author: Wei Ling-Jiao, weilingjiao@mail.ipc.ac.cn ; Pan Zi-Jie, panzijie@mail.ipc.ac.cn ;

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52406002) and the Research Program of Key Laboratory of Cryogenic Science and Technology, China (Grant No. CRYO20230202).

FullText HTML

References

[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]
[12]
[13]
[14]
[15]
[16]
[17]
[18]
[19]
[20]
[21]
[22]
[23]
[24]
[25]
[26]
[27]
[28]
[29]
[30]
[31]
[32]
[33]
[34]
[35]
[36]
[37]
[38]
[39]
[40]
[41]
[42]
[43]
[44]
[45]
[46]
[47]
[48]
[49]
[50]
[51]
[52]
[53]
[54]
[55]
[56]
[57]
[58]
[59]
[60]
[61]
[62]
[63]
[64]
[65]
[66]
[67]
[68]
[69]
[70]
[71]
[72]

Cited By

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

公司	稀释制冷机型号	最低温度/mK	制冷功率
Bluefors	BF- LD250	10	250 μW@100 mK, 10 μW@20 mK
	BF-XLD400	10	400 μW@100 mK, 15 μW@20 mK
	BF-XLD1000	10	1000 μW@100 mK, 30 μW@20 mK
	KIDE	10	3 mW@100 mK(3个模块)
Oxford	Proteox MX	10	450 μW@100 mK, 12 μW@20 mK
	Proteox LX	7	850 μW@100 mK, 25 μW@20 mK
	Proteox 5 mK	5	850 μW@100 mK, 25 μW@20 mK
Janis	JDry-500	10	400 μW@100 mK
Janis	JDry-750	9	400 μW@100 mK, 14 μW@20 mK
Cryoconcept	HEXA-DRY L	10	450 μW@100 mK

DownLoad: CSV

单位/企业	目前最低温度/mK	制冷功率
中国科学院物理研究所	<7.6	>450 μW@100 mK
中国科学院理化技术研究所^[7]	~15	>400 μW@100 mK
中国电子科技集团公司第十六研究所	7.9	>450 μW@100 mK
安徽大学/合肥知冷低温科技有限公司	8.5	550 μW@100 mK
中船鹏力超低温	12	>450 μW@100 mK
本源量子	<10	>450 μW@100 mK
北京飞斯科科技有限公司	<10	>300 μW@100 mK
集焓科学仪器有限公司	6.8	>400 μW@100 mK

DownLoad: CSV

蒸发器温度/K	P₃₀/Pa	P₄₀/Pa	x₃/%	a	P₃/Pa	P₄/Pa	(P₃+P₄)/Pa	[P₃/(P₃+P₄)]/%
0.9	695	5.542	0.78	4.47	24.23	5.499	29.73	81.51
0.8	378	1.526	0.88	5.13	17.06	1.513	18.58	91.86
0.7	180	0.30375	1	5.98	10.76	0.301	11.06	97.28
0.6	70.6	0.037485	1.2	7.11	6.02	0.037	6.06	99.39
0.5	20.5	0.002178	1.4	8.69	2.49	0.0021	2.50	99.91
0.4	3.59	0.001	1.8	11.07	0.72	0.0010	0.72	99.86

DownLoad: CSV

[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]
[12]
[13]
[14]
[15]
[16]
[17]
[18]
[19]
[20]
[21]
[22]
[23]
[24]
[25]
[26]
[27]
[28]
[29]
[30]
[31]
[32]
[33]
[34]
[35]
[36]
[37]
[38]
[39]
[40]
[41]
[42]
[43]
[44]
[45]
[46]
[47]
[48]
[49]
[50]
[51]
[52]
[53]
[54]
[55]
[56]
[57]
[58]
[59]
[60]
[61]
[62]
[63]
[64]
[65]
[66]
[67]
[68]
[69]
[70]
[71]
[72]

[1]	LIU Xuming, ZHA Kuifan, MA Shuai, HAN Liming, XIE Xiaolin, GUO Weijie, PAN Changzhao. A high-capacity 1-K cryogenic system pre-cooled by pulse tube cryocooler. Acta Physica Sinica, 2025, 74(11): 110701. doi: 10.7498/aps.74.20250181
[2]	Yang Xiao-Kun, Li Wei, Huang Yong-Chang. Quantum game— “PQ” problem. Acta Physica Sinica, 2024, 73(3): 030301. doi: 10.7498/aps.73.20230592
[3]	Wu Yu-Kai, Duan Lu-Ming. Research progress of ion trap quantum computing. Acta Physica Sinica, 2023, 72(23): 230302. doi: 10.7498/aps.72.20231128
[4]	Fan Heng. Breakthrough of error correction in quantum computing. Acta Physica Sinica, 2023, 72(7): 070303. doi: 10.7498/aps.72.20230330
[5]	Li Ke, Wang Ya-Nan, Liu Ping, Yu Fang-Qiu, Dai Wei, Shen Jun. Experimental research on a 50 mK multi-stage adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator. Acta Physica Sinica, 2023, 72(19): 190702. doi: 10.7498/aps.72.20231102
[6]	Zu Hong-Ye, Cheng Wei-Jun, Wang Ya-Nan, Wang Xiao-Tao, Li Ke, Dai Wei. Experimental analysis of condensation-pump dilution refrigerators. Acta Physica Sinica, 2023, 72(8): 080701. doi: 10.7498/aps.72.20222257
[7]	Jiang Da, Yu Dong-Yang, Zheng Zhan, Cao Xiao-Chao, Lin Qiang, Liu Wu-Ming. Research progress of material, physics, and device of topological superconductors for quantum computing. Acta Physica Sinica, 2022, 71(16): 160302. doi: 10.7498/aps.71.20220596
[8]	Wang Mei-Hong, Hao Shu-Hong, Qin Zhong-Zhong, Su Xiao-Long. Research advances in continuous-variable quantum computation and quantum error correction. Acta Physica Sinica, 2022, 71(16): 160305. doi: 10.7498/aps.71.20220635
[9]	Wang Chen-Xu, He Ran, Li Rui-Rui, Chen Yan, Fang Ding, Cui Jin-Ming, Huang Yun-Feng, Li Chuan-Feng, Guo Guang-Can. Advances in the study of ion trap structures in quantum computation and simulation. Acta Physica Sinica, 2022, 71(13): 133701. doi: 10.7498/aps.71.20220224
[10]	Zhou Zong-Quan. “Quantum memory” quantum computers and noiseless phton echoes. Acta Physica Sinica, 2022, 71(7): 070305. doi: 10.7498/aps.71.20212245
[11]	Wang Ning, Wang Bao-Chuan, Guo Guo-Ping. New progress of silicon-based semiconductor quantum computation. Acta Physica Sinica, 2022, 71(23): 230301. doi: 10.7498/aps.71.20221900
[12]	Zhang Jie-Yin, Gao Fei, Zhang Jian-Jun. Research progress of silicon and germanium quantum computing materials. Acta Physica Sinica, 2021, 70(21): 217802. doi: 10.7498/aps.70.20211492
[13]	Zhang Shi-Hao, Zhang Xiang-Dong, Li Lü-Zhou. Research progress of measurement-based quantum computation. Acta Physica Sinica, 2021, 70(21): 210301. doi: 10.7498/aps.70.20210923
[14]	Wang Chang, Li Ke, Shen Jun, Dai Wei, Wang Ya-Nan, Luo Er-Cang, Shen Bao-Gen, Zhou Yuan. Ultra-low temperature adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator for sub-Kelvin region. Acta Physica Sinica, 2021, 70(9): 090702. doi: 10.7498/aps.70.20202237
[15]	He Ying-Ping, Hong Jian-Song, Liu Xiong-Jun. Non-abelian statistics of Majorana modes and the applications to topological quantum computation. Acta Physica Sinica, 2020, 69(11): 110302. doi: 10.7498/aps.69.20200812
[16]	Tian Yu-Ling, Feng Tian-Feng, Zhou Xiao-Qi. Collaborative quantum computation with redundant graph state. Acta Physica Sinica, 2019, 68(11): 110302. doi: 10.7498/aps.68.20190142
[17]	Zhao Shi-Ping, Liu Yu-Xi, Zheng Dong-Ning. Novel superconducting qubits and quantum physics. Acta Physica Sinica, 2018, 67(22): 228501. doi: 10.7498/aps.67.20180845
[18]	Fan Heng. Quantum computation and quantum simulation. Acta Physica Sinica, 2018, 67(12): 120301. doi: 10.7498/aps.67.20180710
[19]	Ye Bin, Xu Wen-Bo, Gu Bin-Jie. Robust quantum computation of the quantum kicked Harper model and dissipative decoherence. Acta Physica Sinica, 2008, 57(2): 689-695. doi: 10.7498/aps.57.689
[20]	Ye Bin, Gu Rui-Jun, Xu Wen-Bo. Robust quantum computation of the kicked Harper model and quantum chaos. Acta Physica Sinica, 2007, 56(7): 3709-3718. doi: 10.7498/aps.56.3709

Catalog

Vol. 73, Issue 23 - 2024-12-05

Metrics

Abstract views: 4230
PDF Downloads: 362
Cited By: 0

姓名
邮箱
手机号码
标题
留言内容
验证码

Search

Article

留言板

Abstract

Authors and contacts

Corresponding author: Wei Ling-Jiao, weilingjiao@mail.ipc.ac.cn ; Pan Zi-Jie, panzijie@mail.ipc.ac.cn ;

FullText HTML

References

Cited By

Catalog

Metrics

Authors

Referees

About Journal

About

Search

Article

留言板

Abstract

Authors and contacts

Corresponding author: Wei Ling-Jiao, weilingjiao@mail.ipc.ac.cn ; Pan Zi-Jie, panzijie@mail.ipc.ac.cn ;

FullText HTML

References

Cited By

Catalog

Metrics

Publishing process

Authors

Referees

About Journal

About