ZHAO Xi; ZHENG Dong; WANG Jingjing; CHEN Jing; YANG Jun; ZHOU Yinqiong; ZHANG Keyi; XIONG Zuhong

doi:10.7498/aps.74.20241601

Abstract

Charge balances can influence the emission efficiency of exciplex-based organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), but so far, the physical mechanism behind this phenomenon is not fully understood. Here, organic magnetic field effects (OMFEs) including magneto-conductance (MC), magneto-electroluminescence (MEL), and magneto-efficiency (Mη) are used as fingerprint probing tools to study physical mechanism of influence of charge balance on the emission efficiency of exciplex-based OLEDs. Specifically, low- and high-field effects of MC traces [MC_L (|B| ≤ 10 mT) and MC_H (10 < |B| ≤ 300 mT)] from the unbalanced device are separately attributed to the magnetic field (B)-mediated intersystem crossing (ISC) process and the B-mediated triplet-charge annihilation (TCA) process between triplet exciplex states and excessive charge carriers, whereas those from the balanced device are respectively attributed to the B-mediated reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) process and the balanced carrier injection. As the injection current decreases from 200 to 25 μA, low-field effects of MEL traces (MEL_L) form the unbalanced device always reflect the B-mediated ISC process, but those from the balanced device exhibit a conversion from ISC process to RISC process. Furthermore, although low-field effects of Mη traces (Mη_L) from unbalanced device and balanced device are attributed to the B-mediated ISC process, Mη_L value in the balanced device is approximately one-fourth of that in the unbalanced device. These different MC, MEL, and Mη traces reveal that the balanced carrier injection can increase the number of triplet exciplex states via weakening the TCA process, which leads to the enhanced RISC process. Because RISC can convert dark triplet exciplex states into bright singlet exciplex states, the emission efficiency of the balanced device is higher than that of the unbalanced one. Obviously, in this work OMFEs are used to provide a new physical mechanism for charge balance that influences the emission efficiency of exciplex-based OLEDs.

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Corresponding author: XIONG Zuhong, zhxiong@swu.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12474074) and the Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Education Commission of China (Grant No. KJQN202402606).

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