WANG Pu; BAI Zengliang; CHANG Liwei

doi:10.7498/aps.74.20250025

Abstract

Unidimensional Gaussian modulation continuous-variable quantum key distribution (UD CV-QKD) uses only one modulator to encode information. The UD CV-QKD has the advantages of low implementation cost and low random number consumption, making it attractive for the construction of future miniaturized and low-cost large-scale quantum communication networks. However, in the actual application of the protocol, the intensity fluctuation of the source pulsed light, device defects, and external environmental interference maybe lead to the generation of source intensity errors, thereby affecting the realistic security and performance of the protocol. To solve these problems, the security and performance of UD CV-QKD are studied in depth under source intensity errors in this work. The mechanism of source intensity errors influencing the protocol parameter estimation process is analyzed. To make it possible that the protocol can operate stably under various realistic conditions and ensure communication security, three practical assumptions about the sender’s abilities are made in this work, and corresponding data optimization processing schemes for these assumptions are proposed to reduce the negative influence of source intensity errors. Additionally, both source errors and finite-size effect are comprehensively considered to ensure the realistic security of the system. The simulation results indicate that the source intensity errors cannot be neglected and the maximum transmission distance of the system will be reduced by approximately 20 km for significant intensity fluctuations. Therefore, in the practical implementation of the protocol, the influence of source intensity errors must be fully considered, and the corresponding countermeasures should be taken to reduce or even eliminate these errors. This study provides theoretical guidance for securely implementing the UD CV-QKD in real-world environments.

Keywords:

continuous-variable quantum key distribution /
unidimensional modulation /
source errors /
realistic security

Authors and contacts

Corresponding author: WANG Pu, wangpu@sxufe.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 62305198) and the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province, China (Grant Nos. 202303021212168, 202103021224290).

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Vol. 74, Issue 9 - 2025-05-05

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